💻 Topic 8

Computer Programming

Build programs with confidence by learning how data is stored, how instructions flow and how selection, iteration, strings, subroutines and arrays solve real problems.

Turn an algorithm into a working program. Begin with the core programming concepts, build control using sequence, selection and iteration, then develop reusable and maintainable solutions with strings, subroutines, arrays and file handling.

Choose a lesson

Follow the sequence or jump directly to the programming skill you need.

8.1

Programming Concepts

Understand the core ideas used to create programs, including variables, constants, inputs, processing and outputs.

FoundationOpen lesson
8.2

Data Types

Compare integer, real, character, string and Boolean data types and choose the correct type for each value.

VariablesOpen lesson
8.3

Input and Output

Learn how programs receive data from a user and present clear, meaningful information as output.

User interactionOpen lesson
8.4

Arithmetic Operators

Use arithmetic operators to perform calculations and understand the order in which expressions are evaluated.

CalculationsOpen lesson
8.5

Sequence

Understand how instructions are carried out in order, one line at a time, to complete a task.

Program flowOpen lesson
8.6

Selection

Use conditions to make decisions and choose which instructions a program should execute.

DecisionsOpen lesson
8.7

Iteration

Repeat instructions using count-controlled and condition-controlled loops.

LoopsOpen lesson
8.8

Totalling

Build a running total by repeatedly adding values as a program processes data.

Running totalsOpen lesson
8.9

Counting

Use a counter to record how many times an event happens or a condition is met.

CountersOpen lesson
8.10

String Manipulation

Process text by finding its length, extracting characters, joining strings and changing case.

Text processingOpen lesson
8.11

Nested Statements

Place selection or iteration statements inside one another to solve more complex problems.

Advanced logicOpen lesson
8.12

Subroutines

Break a program into reusable procedures and functions that each complete a focused task.

Modular programmingOpen lesson
8.13

Library Routines

Use built-in routines to complete common tasks without writing every instruction from the beginning.

Built-in routinesOpen lesson
8.14

Maintainable Programs

Write clear programs using meaningful identifiers, comments, indentation and well-structured modules.

Good practiceOpen lesson
8.15

Arrays

Store and process related values under one identifier using indexed positions.

Data structuresOpen lesson
8.16

File Handling

Learn how programs permanently store data using OPENFILE, READFILE, WRITEFILE and CLOSEFILE.

Persistent storageOpen lesson
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