Three interactive labs fold the whole of Topic 8 into the Learning Hub. The first covers the building blocks — variables and constants, the five data types, input and output, operators and sequence (8.1–8.5). The second is selection and iteration — IF and CASE, the three loops, counter and totaller patterns, strings and nesting (8.6–8.11). The third builds the architecture — subroutines, library routines, maintainability, arrays and file handling (8.12–8.16). Each idea is taught, drilled, then tested — work straight through, or jump to the part you need.
The vocabulary of programming — variables and constants, the five data types (INTEGER, REAL, CHAR, STRING, BOOLEAN), input and output, arithmetic and logic operators, and running a program in sequence, in the exact Cambridge wording.
Selection with IF and CASE, and iteration with FOR, WHILE and REPEAT. The counter and totaller patterns, string manipulation (LENGTH, SUBSTRING, UCASE, LCASE), and how they combine when nested.
Subroutines and parameters, library routines, and the habits that keep code maintainable. Arrays (1D and 2D) and reading from and writing to text files — the architecture behind Paper 2's hardest questions.